Lite Carbon
How to read diagrams of chemical structure?
I'm reading a few magazine articles but I am having difficulties in interpreting the structural diagrams chemical. I have a OChem book, but I really need the basics at this time. I really do not know what these diagrams are called, but an example is the case of benzene: http://wtt-lite.nist.gov/images/71432.gif Here are my questions. Hopefully the answers will help me to understand, in general, how to read diagrams. 1) I know that the carbon atoms are represented by each vertex, but the hydrogen atoms are supposed too? Because more complex diagram (Who understand) shows the H atoms are there: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene So does that mean that all structures (aromatic) that looks like the first picture has given me carbon and hydrogen? 2) What do straight lines? Thanks!
Vertex is the carbon lines are covalent bonds, and more structural schemes have not been drawn on the hydrogens, but that assumes that all carbon atoms are four covalent bonds, and bonds are unaccounted for hydrogens. For example, if you have C – C – C, the final (terminal) carbon has three hydrogen atoms attached to them, while the central carbon has 2. If you have C == C, both carbons have two hydrogens attached to them. EDIT: I should add that for benzene, which is a special case because there is delocalization of electrons within the ring. In essence what this means is that the simplified structure is represented as a hexagonal carbon ring with alternating double and single bonds, while in reality, these bonds are not single or double, but something in the middle because the electrons involved in bonds are constantly skipping back and forth between the bonds. That is what is shown in the diagram on the Wikipedia page, where the connecting lines connecting the ring showed that there two lines, one dotted and solid.
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